osmanlitanitim
THE OTTOMAN EMPİRES
  OTTOMAN EMPİRE
 

Principality (Before 1299)

 

Period begins when the principality was not clear. İnegöl and the surrounding area as a result of the conquest in 1298, Osman Gazi troops declared its independence. During this period, the period ended principality.

Suleyman Shah, who fled the Mongol Empire in Anatolia in 1227, first came under the command Ptolemaida. Lacinia Anatolian Seljuk ruler, and the district placed Ptolemaida Karacadag. 50 000 at this time of the Shah kişiydiler.Süleyman Ptolemaida banks of the Euphrates, in passing, to drown in, some people belonging to the Kayi clan migrated to the vicinity of Erzurum and Erzincan. Some emigrated to Syria and back to their homeland.

Willow and settled in the vicinity of Ertugrul Gazi. In the meantime, have conquered these lands. Ertugrul Gazi conquered a territory of approximately 1000 km2 around. An estimated 90 or 83 years old Ertugrul Gazi had died. Osman Bey chose the tribe. Osman Gazi, the government gave it the name.

 

Kuruluş (1299 - 1453)

By 1299 the Anatolian Seljuk State, were in tatters. Meanwhile, Osman Gazi, close friends, Bilecik, Inegol Yarhisar and finally conquered in 1299. Osman Gazi, Larissa and the surrounding area, then conquered in 1301. Larissa was the capital. Some authors state formation in 1299, is considered by some to date is 1301. Prof. Dr. The state was founded in 1302 with the War XIII Koyunhisar claimed. Forces of the Eastern Roman Empire in 1302, set out to stop the Osman Gazi. Osman Bey, 2000, the Byzantines had the military around 5000. Osman Bey, 27 July 1302, won the war. Then he conquered and vicinity Mudanya

Rise (1453 - 1579)

II. Mehmed, 29 May 1453, conquered Constantinople in 1453 and the capital was surrounded.
Main article: Conquest of Istanbul
Then, you can lay claim to the throne of the Eastern Roman moved against dynasties. Mora Despotism (1460), Trabzon Greek İmpratorluğu (1461) and in relationship with Palailogoslar Galtulusi family has been eliminated. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed (1459). Multiple hosts within the Muslim and Christian nation, so that the Ottoman Empire officially won the title of the Empire. Expansion of the Ottoman Empire with Hungary on the Danube in the Balkans, Albania, Greece and the Aegean Sea coast of Venice has faced. For a long war (1463 - 1478) at the end of Venice, Shkodra, leaving the Ottomans Akçahisar cities and the islands of Lemnos and Euboea gained 10 000 gold each year, agreed to pay in exchange for trade liberalization. While this war II. Mehmed, Karamanoğulları abolished (1468); Karamanoğulları'nı preserves and makes a treaty with Venice Otlukbeli'nde Akkoyunlu ruler Uzun Hasan has inflicted a heavy defeat. Following this victory, the Ottoman Empire settled in Anatolia in the west of the Euphrates; Gedik Ahmet Pasha, the Egyptian Mamluks zaptetmesiyle Taurus and the Mediterranean coast has a border with. In 1475 the northern Black Sea, Gedik Ahmet Pasha's time, the Genoese and the Crimean Khanate, the Ottoman conquest of colonies, protectorate Sudak'ın platter and resulted in the introduction. Thus, the Ottoman Empire from the Black Sea is an inland sea state has established full control over the political and economic. II. Gedik Ahmet Pasha Mehmed commissioned by the conquest of southern Italy, Otranto, in the hands of an overseas service this was the kingdom of Naples and Italy began maneuvers in them. But II.Mehmet 's 49-year-old's death (1481) has resulted in half of this campaign.

II. Bayezit (1481 - 1512), engage in the struggle for the throne based on his brother Isaac, and Gedik Ahmet Cem Janissaries defeated generals support; Cem, was forced to take refuge in the Knights of Rhodes. Clay-rich ports of trade with the northern expedition 1484'teki Moldavia and the Ottoman Empire joined Akkerman. Memlûklar'la Karamanoğulları remnants of war and supporting Cem (1485 - 1491) generally resulted in the defeat of the Ottomans. War with Venice (1499 - 1503), the State Modo, choir, Navarino, gave Inebahtı ports.

Sultan Selim I and Shah Ismail in Anatolia began to struggle violently against his followers. Çaldıran'da his victory against Shah Ismail (1514) and then proceeded to Tabriz. After this first Selim, moved against Memlükler'a. Superiority in arms, gained through fiery Mercidabik (1516) and Ridâniye (1517) wars, the Ottoman Empire, Syria, Palestine and Egypt brought. Hijaz, under Ottoman rule and the input. Thus, the Ottoman Empire, the Indian Ocean have had the opportunity of opening and captured the undisputed leader of the Islamic world. In the meantime, I. Selim I, took the title of caliph after him, and this title was also used by the Ottoman sultans.

The period of Sultan Süleyman the glory yaşamıştır.46-year reign of the most powerful and the state government has reached its limit and truly natural position now reached so-called super power. In addition, the 13 largest organized expedition. The main services; in 1521 in Belgrade, of Rhodes in 1522, 1526 Mohaç, 1534'de Baghdad and Tabriz, the entire 1538 and Preveza Moldovia, Hungary's entire 1541'de, 1543'de Esztergom, 1551 ' in Tripoli, a part of the territory of the Safavid 1553'de, Zigetvar'dır 1566'da. Magnificent, I. Inherited from the Ottoman Empire, Selim 6.557 million km2, forty-six years has reached 14.893 million km2 (1.998 million km2 in Europe, Asia, 4.169 million km2, in Africa, to 8.726 million km2 to). Szigetvar a day before being conquered, died on September 6, 1566.

 
 
 

Pause (1579 - 1699)

Sokullu Mehmet Pasha, the Ottoman Empire period of stagnation has died. Inexperienced people take the throne as a result of the deterioration of the central government, the collapse of state authority in the management of public and internal rebellions led to a decrease in confidence in the state. Now came the Janissaries, especially against the sultan. Yeniçerilerdeki 'in January, is for the state.' Instead of understanding of 'the State, in the hearth.' understanding developed.

Austria and Iran's economic difficulties as a result of services, grooming system corruption caused by population growth and problems in social life and to remain behind with the era in education in the state as a result of deterioration has entered a period of stagnation. Loss of important trade routes, geographical discoveries, often given to the sultan değişmeleriyle Cülus much to the increase in the amount of the tip and the Janissaries of the Ottoman economy, undermined scored ulufe given.

Jalali revolts, largely changed the layout of the Ottoman land, or because of heavy taxes "Big Kaçgun" lands of the farmers who are displaced during the mültezimlerin or passed into the hands of local administrators. Peasants into debt because of taxes, loan sharks kaptırdılar committed at the end of the territory. Grooming system is the backbone of the Ottoman land scheme is broken. Large population movements had emerged, and the great migrations to cities. Agricultural production has led to an increase in agricultural commodity prices fell and famine. Tens of thousands of people have been killed and many settlements were destroyed. Education in the Ottoman Empire (ilmiye) Disruption of the geriletmiştir Ottomans. Developments in Europe (Reformation, the Renaissance), followed by the Ottoman Empire was not a disadvantage for the Ottomans.

NOTE: The reason for the breakdown of the education system of the Ottoman Empire emerged olmasıdır.Bu system according to the system, called Cradle Ulemalığı lecturers (teacher) from the moment of new-born children born madrasa (Education slot) was considered a teacher.

Regression (1699 - 1792)

Period of Decline of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman history, the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), starting from the Treaty of Age (1792) is the time elapsed. Towards the end of this period, the Ottoman Empire by the Europeans, the "Sick Man" trying and started. Because the Ottoman Empire during this period, soil losses are largely lived.

During this period, the lost places Karlofça and get back to the Treaty of Istanbul and the west, Austria and Venice in order to protect the existing soil in the north and east, Russia made ​​war with Iran.

Stays in this century, back from Europe after the Treaty was adopted and made ​​Passarowitz ıslahatlarda samples were taken in Europe.

On January 26, 1699 Karlofça Treaty signed with Holy Roman Empire, the Ottoman-graduated from the Holy Wars to the alliance. Karlofça Treaty, the first treaty of the Ottoman Empire lost ground. After this date, the period of the Ottoman Empire began to decline. Empire against the Ottoman Empire by the Pope in Germany, Austria Arşidüklüğü, Kingdom of Poland, the Russian monarch, Order of the Knights of Malta and the Venetians with you, Jean (Italian), an alliance formed with the long-running battles falling tired at the end of the Ottoman Empire, Banat and Timişoara, with the exception of Hungary and all principality of Transylvania to Austria, Ukraine and Podolia Lehistan, Venetians left the Peloponnese and the Dalmatian coast.

The beginning of this century, the Ottoman Empire lost its hold on Europe and the former power by taking back the territory sought to protect. Can not achieve this goal, however, realized after a while began to pursue a policy of protecting the territory of the hands.

Dispersion (1792 - 1922)

This period began with the Treaty of 1792 Age continued until the fall of the Ottoman Empire period in 1922. The Ottoman Empire among the European states sought to defend the existence of conflicts of interest in taking advantage of following a policy of balance.

Ottoman wars in Europe, with the rebels and Russian long-lasting efforts to thoroughly worn out, and if made in the state administration was accomplished in the reforms.
The Treaty of San Stefano
The Treaty of Berlin
Serbian Uprising (1804)
1806-1812 Ottoman-Russian War and the Treaty of Bucharest
The Greek Rebellion
1828-1829 Ottoman-Russian War and the Treaty of Edirne
The revolt of Mehmet Ali Pasha
Tanzimat Edict (1839)
The Crimean War (1853-1856)
93 War (1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War)
Dömeke war (1897 war, the Ottoman Greek)
Tripoli War (1911-1912)
Balkan Wars (1912-1913)
I. World War II (1914-1918)
Gallipoli War (1915-1916)
Abolishment of the Sultanate (1922)

  
  Bugün 13 ziyaretçi (13 klik) kişi burdaydı!  
 
Bu web sitesi ücretsiz olarak Bedava-Sitem.com ile oluşturulmuştur. Siz de kendi web sitenizi kurmak ister misiniz?
Ücretsiz kaydol